The Atomic Bomb Of The United States - 2000 Words

In 1939, when it was discovered that Germany had the technology to produce a weapon of mass destruction, the United States was determined that they would not fall trap to the Nazi’s reign. World renowned scientists gathered together and by 1941, the secret project to produce an atomic bomb was given the code name the Manhattan Project. Nobody expected this weapon to be so powerful, but this secret weapon had a lasting impact that changed the course of history. The Manhattan Project was ultimately responsible for the accomplishment of separating a uranium atom, which resulted in a weapon of mass destruction known as the atomic bomb. This secret project ultimately ended the Second World War, issued in the nuclear age, and changed the way wars were fought. Interestingly, the initiation of the Manhattan project can be attributed to two United States immigrants. Just after World War II had begun, Albert Einstein, who had fled Nazi Germany, and Enrico Fermi, who had fled from Italy, had come together and decided that the president must be warned of the fact that Germany had the power to create an atomic weapon. At first, Roosevelt did not see the importance of this project, and only allotted $6,000 for research. However, when the war with the Axis powers grew, fear also grew, and the budget for the Manhattan project was ultimately enlarged to $2 billion dollars. Eventually, Roosevelt established the Advisory Committee on Uranium and the National Defense Research Committee. AtShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthe detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. This atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. As the atomic bomb was detonated it s ent shock-waves all over the world. There was endless research done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called The Manhattan Engineer District Project but it was more commonly known as The Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was brought by fear of Germany and its atomic research. On account of theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1610 Words   |  7 Pages It was the morning of July 16, 1945, a countdown for the detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. However, the atomic bomb was detonated and it sent shock-waves all over the world. There was much research to be done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called â€Å"The Manhattan Engineer District Project† but it was known as The Manhattan Project. With the issues of theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1358 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The atom bomb was no ‘great decision.’ It was merely another powerful weapon in the arsenal of righteousness.† This quote was said by Harry S. Truman the first President who used an atomic bomb. The program that was able to create this monstrous power was known as the Manhattan Project. Creating this weapon was their main priority. The United States was in the midst of World War 2. The atomic bomb is considered to be the main factor that ended that war. It was a race against the multiple enemiesRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States2074 Words   |  9 PagesSampson Phillips American History/SRP Mr. Smith 1/1/16 The Atomic Bombs On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a bombing attack on the American naval base in Pearl Harbor. This attack on the U.S. brought America into World War II. One Japanese general commented â€Å"I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.† (Yamamoto) Japan’s surprise attack on the U.S. created a much larger enemy than they intended. After the attack the U.S. embarked on a bloodyRead MoreAtomic Bomb On The United States866 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelope a weapon, using nuclear power that could be used against enemies of the United States. President Roosevelt felt the need to reach this landmark before any other conuntry beat the United States to it. Having this type of weapon would also help establish the country as powerful and more advanced than others. When President Roosevelt unfourtuantly died on April 12, I, Harry Turman, became President of the United States and overseen this project. In July of 1945 the project produced a weapon so powerfulRead MoreThe First Atomic Bomb Of The United States1249 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt asked the United States congress to declare war on Japan. Three days later, after the United States turned its attention to Germany and Italy, the two countries declared war on the United States, which the President and Congress freely agreed to. After two years of continuous fighting in the second World War, America had finally joined (â€Å"Pearl Harbor†). Two years before America even joined World War II, Albert Einstein, a German physicist, warned the United States of Germany’s threatRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima, Japan, And The United States1202 Words   |  5 PagesAugust 6th 1945, the United States dropped the first of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Japan. World War Two was practically over, but Japan and the United States weren’t getting along due to Japan bombing Pearl Harbor. The President of the United States (Truman) and U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill Issued the Potsdam Declaration which was the declaration that was put on the table for Japan after Germany had surrendered. Earlier in the war we had been putting together atomic weapons in case theRead MoreWhy The United States Should Use Atomic Bombs966 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States decision to use atomic bombs to end the war appeared to be the saving grace for the American people. Once World War II came to an end as a result of the bom bings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, however, the eyes of Americans were opened to the possibility that what they viewed as salvation for their country could be equated with the evils committed by the Axis powers. For example, many trials were held against German men that were a part of the Nazi operation thatRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomicRead MoreWhy the United States Dropped the Atomic Bomb: Persuasive Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe atomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first detonation in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this time due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United State s was looking for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The Advantages of What College Have Essay Topics

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Is Feminism Really A Theme In Ibsens, A Dolls House Essay Example For Students

Is Feminism Really A Theme In Ibsens, A Dolls House? Essay Is Feminism really a theme in Ibsens, A Dolls House?In Ibsens A Dolls House someone reading the book might say that feminism is a large theme in the story. But is it? I would have to say that it is. Throughout the play there are many examples of Torvald treating Nora badly and in a way insulting her because shes a woman. He calls her little pet names, and says that shes frail. Nora also does things according to what Torvald wants. Everything thing is done by his standards. He also doesnt allow her to have very much freedom. He doesnt leave decisions to Nora. We see this when they talk about what Nora is going to where and do for the ball. He also puts her down a lot. He makes comments that suggest that Nora could never understand anything, just because shes a woman. These examples show that feminism is a theme in the story. Torvald treats Nora almost like a child. He never actually talks to her like an adult. Almost as if Torvald thought that Nora wasnt intelligent, or mature enough to have a conversation that had to deal with serious matters. He also has a lot of pet names for her. Whenever Torvald speaks to Nora he usually calls her my little squirrel, and little lark. He also calls her a spendthrift whenever she asks for money. He never really calls her Nora unless he gets serious, but any other time he just call her one of her pet names. But he also never speaks to her about anything important. He only talks to her about spending and about things of leisure, like the ball. Throughout the play Torvald continually says that Nora couldnt possibly understand serious matters, because shes a woman. When Torvald an Nora speak Torvald usually says something like, Thats just like a woman, which shows that Torvald believes that woman are not capable of understanding anything but spending money, taking care of their husband and their children. He even mentions this at the end of the book. Where he tells Nora that she has an obligation to take care of her husband and her children, and she shouldnt think of anything else. He doesnt give Nora any freedom to speak or even think for herself. Every time she does something she does it for Torvald, or she does it because thats what Torvald wants her to do. Everything that Nora does, she does it the way she thinks that Torvald would like her to do it. Nora never really does anything for herself. Whenever shes planning to do something she asks Torvalds opinion, or she does things according to how she thinks he would like i t to be done, or how he says they should be done. For example, when Nora is preparing for the ball, she asks Torvald what she should wear instead of deciding for herself. She also asks him what she should perform. Also when she is talking to Christina Linde about what shes going to wear and what she will perform at the ball, she says, Well if it pleases Torvald, which shows that anything she does she does for Torvald and not herself. Also when speaking to Torvald she always speaks to him as perhaps a child would. She tries to just sound cheerful and simple. She never speaks to him in a serious tone. She always speaks to him as if she wants something. But Torvald never treats Nora with any respect. He is always talking to her as if she doesnt understand, and really takes her for granted. He treats her more like a possession than a person. This is where you see that Nora is like a doll. He has this rule that he set on Nora, where she cant eat macaroons. Torvald says this because he wants his wife to have a good figure. Which means that Torvald doesnt want Nora to get fat. Then he has her dancing around at the ball. To Torvald, Nora is like a pet that hes taught to be obedient and to do tricks for him. This where feminism is evident in the play. This is where you see that Torvald thinks himself to be superior to Nora because he is a man, and Nora is a woman. .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .postImageUrl , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:visited , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:active { border:0!important; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:active , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes EssaySome people may argue that feminism isnt a theme in A Dolls house, that theme is actually about human rights. In the story Nora had an oppressive father, and then later she went to her appearance oppressive husband Torvald. An argument could also be made that the roles could be reversed. A man could have been raised by a tyrant mother, then later on have married a tyrant wife. But I dont think thats true. There are just to many points to support the fact that feminism is a theme in Ibsens play. Just in the way that Torvald speaks to Nora. The names that he calls her. Also the fact that he never has a serious conversation with Nora because shes a woman and she wouldnt understand. He openly says this in the story, and because of that I believe that feminism is a very dominant theme in Ibsens A Dolls House.

Mclibel Case free essay sample

â€Å"A reputation once broken may possibly be repaired, but the world will always keep their eyes on the spot where the crack was. † -Joseph Hall I. Background Analysis There are as many brands in the world as there are stars in the sky. They’re innumerable. However, no matter how many they are, there are those stars that shine the most. This is also the case for the brands in the world. Only a few are able to stand in the international arena. Some try to venture into the world market. However, those brand either don’t last long or they’re devoured by the competition. It is never easy to go international. The world’s top brands were started by normal people with extraordinary determination. And if you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. We will write a custom essay sample on Mclibel Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day. † They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call â€Å"Coke†, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1. 6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and he moved the headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, when the Korean War broke out, he had no other choice but to leave. So he started a sugar refinery and a woolen mill under the parent company, Samsung. Samsung was banned from selling electronics which they then offered. The ban by president Park Chung-hee lasted for 18 years which gave Samsung 18 years to fine-tune their products and become one of the biggest electronics providers in the world. We also have Louis Vuitton. At the age of 14, little Louis decided to move to Paris from his hometown, Jura. He made the 249-mile journey by foot, picking up odd jobs along the way. With extraordinary hard work, the brand she established is now worth $ 21. 9 billion. Point is, everything starts from somewhere. There isn’t a company in the world that suddenly appeared and dominated the market. It took them years to establish the brand and gain customer loyalty. Having mentioned several humble beginnings of big brands, it’s no surprise that these brands stand on the world market. While there are those that are exclusive, there are also those that are accessible to the public. Take Toyota for example, Toyota cars are everywhere. You can locate a branch in almost any country and any town. When it comes to reaching the public there’s another figure that hasn’t failed the people – Mcdonald’s. McDonalds is the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the world. It has more than 31,000 outlets worldwide. Simply put, It is the most successful food service organization in the world. When Mcdonald’s put on the tagline â€Å"Millions and Millions served†, they weren’t joking. According to their website, Mcdonald’s serves more than 47 million customers every single day. From simple foundations, Richard and Maurice McDonald mastered the art of mass service production and opened a restaurant in San Bernardino, California which â€Å"Speedee Service System which started the trend in modern fast-food restaurant. Mcdonald’s’ original mascost was a man wearing a toque on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was â€Å"Speedee. † Eventually, Ronald Mcdonald replaced â€Å"Speedee† in 1967 when the company first filed a U. S. trademark on a clown shaped man having puffed out costume legs. McDonalds first filed for a U. S. trademark on the name McDonalds on May 4, 1961, with the description Drive-In Restaurant Services, which continues to be renewed through the end of December 2009. The McDonalds Golden Arches logo was introduced in 1962. It was created by Jim Schindler to resemble new arch shaped signs on the sides of the restaurants. He merged the two golden arches together to form the famous M now recognized throughout the world. Schindlers work was a development of the stylized v logo sketched by Fred Turner, which was conceived as a more stylish corporate symbol than the Speedee chef character that had previously been used. The McDonalds name was added to the logo in 1968. The first McDonalds restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden, in order of openings. Mcdonald’s dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955, the ninth Mcdonald’s restaurant overall. Kroc later on bought the Mcdonald’s brothers’ equity in the company which helped it step into the world market and boosted its international marketability potential which landed them on the public stock markets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry. The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Krocs autobiography and in the McDonald brothers autobiography. The site of the McDonald brothers original restaurant is now a monument Now, having mentioned Mcdonald’s, what will make the â€Å"Golden Arches† fall even for an instant? Let me rephrase that, has it fallen before? The answer is, yes. The smooth sailing of Mcdonald’s took a bumpy turn in the the early 1900’s until late. It was basically a battle between David and Goliath. It really began with one person, with Helen just saying, I cant apologize. Just one person saying, No, I wont bow down. Eric Schlosser, Author of Fast Food Nation In 1986, a group called the London Greenpeace, splinter group of Greenpeace International, started distributing pamphlets containing allegations against Mcdonald’s. The pamphlet focused on a variety of social and environmental issues such as animal cruelty, exploitative marketing (in McDonald’s advertising campaigns aimed at children), rain forest depletion and the perceived negative health value of McDonald’s products. To stop London Greenpeace from further distributing and printing these leaflets, Mcdonald’s decided to take matters into court. The trial started in 1994 at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. A witty reporter called the case between Mcdonald’s and Steel and Morris the McLibel Trial, a nickname that stuck, and Steel and Morris became the McLibel Two. McDonald’s asserted that all claims in the pamphlet were without basis and false, but the case became a field day for the media when top McDonald’s executives were forced to take the stand to be questioned by the two activists. II. Situation Analysis There were numerous issues involving the McLibel. Some of which are: Legal To counter the allegations made by London Greenpeace represented by Helen Steel and Dave Morris, Mcdonald’s decided to file a lawsuit against these two. McDonalds could not sue London Greenpeace because it was only an association of individuals, so they picked five activists and told them to apologize or be sued in court. The company issued libel writs against five activists but three backed down and apologized. For Steel and Morris, however, the threat of legal action also represented an opportunity, an opportunity to get a bigger audience – the world. The trial did provide a much larger platform for their views than they would ever have been given standing outside McDonald’s restaurants distributing pamphlets and telling people what’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. Surprisingly, what people thought was an easy case of Goliath crushing Dave took a different turn. The trial became the longest in the British history with a total of 313 days in court. And as the case progressed, so too did the interest of the media. Soon enough, the world is listening to every word uttered in court, people listened to what were the things being discussed in the courtroom. Every single statement made in the original pamphlet was discussed and dissected not only in court, but in news studios around the world. This was a mammoth legal battle between the $30 billion a year earner McDonalds Corporation and two London Greenpeace supporters, Helen Steel, a gardener, and Dave Morris, a postman. The company decided to go to court because they wanted to stop the stop publication of the leaflet Whats Wrong with McDonalds. The leaflet has been distributed worldwide since 1984. Its contents have been repeated in the media, schools and even church magazines. With 180 witnesses called to testify on the case, the company endured humiliation after humiliation as the court heard claims of food poisoning, failure to pay legal overtime, bogus recycling claims and corporate spies sent to infiltrate the ranks of London Greenpeace. Mcdonald’s has resources beyond any of us can imagine may it be financial, legal, or human resources whilst Steel and Morris didn’t have money at the time the trial took place. Therefore, they couldn’t afford legal services. But despite this obstacle and the fact that both didn’t have extensive knowledge on the inner working of the court, they decided to take matters into their own hands and fight the case themselves. When verdict was read on June 19,1997, Mcdonald’s triumphed and claimed victory while Steel and Morris were ordered to pay damages. As part of their plan to show the people that Mcdonald’s is forgiving, they didn’t force the two to pay the damages which originally was ? 60,000 which was later cut by a third when the court accepted some of the accusations of London Greenpeace. Industry In what way are McDonalds responsible for torture and murder? ’ Is one of the questions asked in the pamphlet ‘What’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. ’ Yes, they are responsible for murders, but not of people but of animals. The justification for conferring rights on animals is that animals are in many important ways like humans. Animals are sentient creatur es. They feel pleasure and pain, experience emotions, remember, anticipate and learn. What happens to them is important for them, unlike what happens to a rock or a stone. So, if you argue that humans deserve rights, by simple extension you can argue that animals also deserve rights. The menu at Mcdonald’s are mostly made of meat. From burgers to nuggets, whatever meat it is, it’s still meat. And everyday, in all the branches of Mcdonald’s worldwide, they serve meat and meat comes from animals. Meaning, each day they have to kill and slaughter animals to serve to the customers to stay in business. Most of the animals they breed – especially the chickens and the pigs – experience a slow death. These animals are deprived of air and sunshine and freedom of movement. This served as wake up call to the food service industry. One of the accusations of London Greenpeace was the cruel and barbaric treatment of the animals Mcdonald’s serves to the people. They allegedly brutally slaughtered animals. The slaughterhouses supplying chickens to McDonalds dump the birds out of their transport crates and hang them upside down on their way to being killed. Chickens often suffer broken bones, extreme bruising, and hemorrhaging as they wait in fear to have their throats cup open while still conscious. Many birds are immersed in tanks of scalding-hot water—alive and able to feel every bit of the pain. A British government report even pointed out that the stunning methods were insufficient leaving the animals conscious while their throats being slit, bellies being opened, and a lot more. This was a clear justification of breaking animal rights. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced, they would likely think twice before ordering a Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Environmental Its a simple concept really. Mcdonald’s faced a challenging predicament when they were faced with the environmental issues that were put into the limelight. Basically, McDonalds sells beef. Many beef suppliers get their beef from Central and South American countries. They, along with other fast food chains were said to be poisoning lands of South and Central American to create a grazing pastures for cattle to be shipped to the States into forms of burgers and pet food, and to provide fat-food packaging materials. These cattle farms are usually placed on rainforest land that had been cut and cleared. The poor soil of the rainforest can only sustain life for up to a decade. The beef suppliers must move their farms every few years and consequently destroy more rainforest to accommodate the farm. Rarely does the forest regrow, even if replanted. 70% of the moisture that makes a rainforest a rainforest originates from the transpiration of the leaves on the vegetation. Once that vegetation is removed for a few years and then replaced when its bovine purpose is complete, the species of the rainforest cannot reestablish themselves because of the now lack of moisture they need to survive. Using cleared rainforest land for cattle grazing is short lived; no land is more ill-suited to extensive livestock production. Trees serve as vital links in the water and nutrient cycles of the rainforest, absorbing most of the rainfall. When tree cover is removed, the underlying soil is no longer protected from the pounding rain and it rapidly loses important nutrients. Therefore, preventing the earth and the trees for a chance of growing back. Grass for cows does not grow on this land for long and is quickly replaced by weeds and shrubs. Most pasture obtained by way of rainforest destruction is discarded after it has served its purpose. The pamphlet also mentions that the people shouldn’t believe Mcdonald’s’ claims that the paper they use are 100 % recycled, only a small part of it is. Mcdonald’s has to cut down 800 square miles of forest just to keep them supplied with paper for one year. Tons of this end up littering the cities of developed countries. The urban cities weren’t the only ones involved in the claims made by London Greenpeace, there’s also the issue of colonial invasion. Tribal people were forced to leave their ancestral territories where they have lived peacefully for decades without causing harm to the environment they have tediously taken care of for thousands of years. This kind of incident isn’t something new when it comes to the viciousness of multinational companies in their endless search for things to sacrifice in order to achieve their ultimate goal- profit. â€Å"Its no exaggeration to say that when you bite into a Big Mac, youre helping the McDonalds empire to wreck this planet. † Social It was a very strategic move when Mcdonald’s positioned their advertisements towards getting the attention of the children. Business-wise, it was brilliant. However, when viewed in another light, it was clearly a form of exploitation. Advertising aimed at young children should be restricted because youngsters cannot evaluate it properly. Children under age 8 tend to assume advertising is truthful and unbiased. Therefore, they form a perception that what they see on TV is the truth. And Mcdonald’s took advantage of this, within the constraints the law, they used or rather use,because they still do it today, their thirty-second commercials to target the youth to be the decision-makers, convincing their parents to buy the advertised toys, foods, drinks other products. Inherent in this argeting, especially of the very young, are the advertisers; fostering the youths loyalty to brands, creating among the children a loss of individuality and self-sufficiency, denying them the ability to explore and create but instead often encouraging poor health habits. The children demanding advertisers products are influencing economic hardships in many families today. These children, targeted by advertisers, are so vulnerable to trickery, are so mentally and emotionally unable to understand reality because they lack the cognitive reasoning skills needed to be skeptical of advertisements. Children spend thousands of hours captivated by various advertising tactics and do not understand their subtleties. What’s more, when these children start to be attracted to a certain meal or toy from a happy meal, they have a tendency to never stop asking them from their parents. Health Many of the unhealthy facts of fast food have only been brought to light in recent years. Film documentaries and books may have done more for society in this aspect than doctors and scientists recommendations. The average person is probably more likely to watch a movie than read a scientific document. They may heed their doctor’s advice, but only if they have a health problem. Many people understand the fast food risks, but are unable to resist the constant temptation created by having four or five restaurants within walking distance. Researchers have found that fat and sugar have the same effect on brain chemistry as addictive drugs, just to a lesser degree. You have to add that physical effect to the psychological ones caused by childhood memories of playgrounds and kid’s meals. It would be hard for anyone to resist that kind of temptation. Changes in healthy cholesterol levels are fast food risks that have been studied by scientists. In one study, after just one week of overeating by consuming fast foods twice a day, 16 out of 18 volunteers participating in the study had a significant increase in cholesterol levels. The increase was significant enough to increase their risk of heart disease. Next time you take a week long vacation, you may want to think twice before eating out twice a day. Heart disease is the main risk. Being overweight and having high cholesterol levels are risk factors for heart disease. Other possible risks include nutritional deficiencies, stomach ailments and cancer. Consumption of trans-fats specifically has been associated with an increased risk of stomach and colon cancer. Most of the baked goods you find at those restaurants are made using trans-fats. Despite the unhealthy facts of fast food, there are millions of fast food chains in the world that are still being patronized by people despite their knowledge of the risks. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced and what they contain, they would likely think twice before ordering that Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Whether it’s deliberate or not, there’s little information given by Mcdonald’s about the nutritional information of the food served at Mcdonald’s which it is guilty of. III. Implications/ Consequences/ Parallelism/ Values Fast food is something that has gained global recognition especially in modern cities around the world that has made eating fast food a daily routine. What started as a trend evolved into a culture in which the modern society depends on. In this country, many people eat fast food regularly, for example, Filipinos grab a bite at a nearby Fast food restaurant any time of the day. This is mainly due to the convenience of fast food. The word fast food says it all. The food is prepared fast and also eaten fast. It is prepared fast as the food is highly processed which means that the food has been altered from its original state for the convenience of fast preparation. The food is then eaten fast as customers require little or even no utensils to enjoy their hamburger or fried chicken. There are many fast food franchises in the fast food industry. There are franchises such as Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) , Bruger King and also Long John Silver. But only one franchise stand out from all the other fast food restaurants and that franchise is something that almost everyone in the world knows about. That franchise is McDonald’s. Sociologist,George Ritzer, has even coined the term ‘McDonaldization’ of society emphasizing the growth of the corporation. Ritzer coined the term to describe societies that operate efficiently and predictably, much like how McDonald’s operate. Even in most countries, McDonald’s prove to be the choice of the hungry. During lunch hour, many working adults and students would choose to have their lunch at Mcdonald’s. McDonald’s was the first fast food restaurant to use an assembly line-like system to prepare its food which was called the Speedee system. Speedee system emphasized on quick and efficient meals that can be prepared and served quickly and easily and also of a good quality. The restaurant even had a mascot named Speedee before it was eventually replaced by the clown we know today as Ronald McDonalds. The McDonald’s corporation is also associated with controversy, possibly due to size of the corporation and its competition. McDonald’s has been debated over many things such as obesity,   corporate ethics and damage to environment. McDonald’s has tried to respond to many of this criticisms. One of the popular cases that dragged the name of this company is the McLibel. McLibel is the true story of a postman and a gardener who took on McDonalds and wouldnt say McSorry, in a legal battle since described as the biggest corporate PR disaster in history. McDonalds loved using the UKs libel laws to suppress criticism. Major media organizations like the BBC and The Sun had crumbled and apologized. But then McDonalds sued penniless activists Helen Steel and Dave Morris. In what became the longest trial in English legal history, the McLibel 2 represented themselves against McDonalds USD$19 million legal team. Every aspect of the corporations business was cross-examined: from junk food and McJobs, to animal cruelty, environmental damage and the companys advertising to children. Outside the courtroom, Dave brought up his young son alone and Helen supported herself working nights in a bar. McDonalds tried every trick in the book against them. For example, visits from top U. S. executives flying to London for secret settlement negotiations. Even spies. McLibel is not about hamburgers. It is about the power multinational corporations wield over our everyday lives and two unlikely heroes who are changing McWorld. The marketing strategy of McDonald is something that has helped them immensely to become one of the to regain their reputation as the most popular fastfood franchise in the world. Despite that, parents are concern with McDonald’s’ marketing strategy as their little ones are heavily involved in it. That is because McDonald’s marketing strategy is to attract children to eat in their restaurant. There are many ways in how McDonald’s does it. One of them is through the inclusion of the happy meal which is a miniature versions of their normal meals just for children. But what really attracts children is the free toys that is accompanied with the meal. Varying from Strawberry Shortcake toys all the way to Hotwheels, McDonald’s have been employing this tactic of giving away free toys just so that children would choose to eat at McDonalds’. A concerned parent has also taken McDonald’s to court over McDonald’s strategy of giving away free toys. Mrs Monet Parham is suing McDonald’s of â€Å"getting into her child’s mind without her permission†. She felt that her daughter, Maya Parham, is going to McDonald’s and buy the happy meal just for the sake of getting the free toy. Even in other countries, McDonald’s have been attracting children in many ways. Every morning, the McDonald’s staff would give out balloons to the young ones. They even advertise their happy meal on television, about the toys and not the food which comes in the happy Meal. But why Children? The answer to that is because Children always are accompanied by older people. Adults who accompany their children to McDonald’s would also buy food for themselves while they accompany their Child. This is similar to the analogy of catching two fishes with only one bait. You can say that this is unethical, because they’re using children to regain what reputation they lost during the McLibel trial. IV. Conclusion People make mistakes. And since people run this world, it is understandable that whatever it is, if it’s run by a person or a group of people, something could potentially go wrong. If a wrong decision is made, it affects verything within and sometimes outside its territories. â€Å"If public relations practitioners are to assess issues successfully and identify publics that are likely to become active on those issues, they must look beyond the confines of their own culture and beyond the borders of their own country,† Anderson (1992) To sum it all up, Mcdonald’s may have won the battle but they ultimately lost the war. To the majority, Steel and Morris may have looked like ants battling a slowly descending foot, but little did they know that Steel and Morris used Mcdonald’s libel case to their advantage. McDonald’s can afford the best lawyers in town and pay them beyond what they normally receive, they can use their wealth to do a lot of things, but one thing they weren’t able to do with the money they have was to use it to analyze the situation and not underestimate the power of the people which was what they did. Mcdonald’s not only underestimated the people, they also underestimated technology – internet. During the time of the trial, internet became popular. I remember when I first experienced the power of the Internet. I was in elementary school hanging out with a friend. We decided to go to a computer shop and got online to chat. Of course, that led to starting trouble within the chat room and getting kicked out, but the feeling of connecting gave us a sense of power to connect to the world. This power gave the ‘McLibel’ two the opportunity to reach the world, aside from using the tri-media to be heard. With the internet, one voice produce echoes from different people having the same opinion. Another point that Mcdonald’s didn’t notice was money isn’t everything. They may have the finances to employ and hire the world’s best lawyers and pay them double, but that doesn’t mean that the suit is won. Last thing about Mcdonald’s, they forgot to look at the bigger picture. They just focused their attention on people distributing leaflet, which has no assurance that the public would believe, and forgot that by focusing too much on these people and filing cases against them that the media would know, would highlight the whole cause of the people going against them. Mcdonald’s helped these people to spread the things on the leaflet since each and every line on the leaflet would be scrutinized by the media. People may forget all that had happened in the McLibel case after several decades, however, if the internet remains, people will have access to what had happened when Goliath (Mcdonald’s) tripped because of the wit of David (Steel and Morris). V. Personal Learning and Insights I wasn’t aware that Mcdonald’s encountered this kind of problem until the film was shown to us. As someone studying public relations, I must say that this may be the gravest mistake a PR practitioner can ever make. Before taking action, an effective PR practitioner should assess all the possible results of an action. When I say all, I mean all. All the negative and positive outcomes should be taken into consideration since not everything goes according to plan. Mcdonald’s must’ve thought that Steel and Morris being simple citizens couldn’t do much to affect the operation of the company. They underestimated them. And this underestimation caused them to walk down the road of humiliation more than once. Personally, I think Mcdonald’s considered this just a MINOR setback. The corporation may have spent a hefty amount on legal fees but that’s something they can earn overnight. Their reputation may have been tarnished by this incident but like every negative thing there is, it can be forgotten. People now barely remember what happened with this David and Goliath battle. While I applaud the determination of Helen Steel and Dave Morris, I would have to admit that all they did was temporarily hinder Mcdonald’s. They may have closed a store, but the name still lives. Comparing it to a spider, even a leg is unable to move, if the head remains, the animal still lives. I wouldn’t say that what they did was a complete waste of time because they were able to make a difference. They were able to prove that even normal citizens can topple down a giant, even if it was just for a short while. What theyve actually done is to hold McDonalds accountable to society on behalf of society. And I think they are heroes of our time. Dan Gallin, Intl. Union of Food Workers, Witness I do appreciate these two persons in the movie – Helen and Dave. They may have lost the suit but they won the public’s attention. After watching the documentary, I thought a lot and learned that winning a suit doesn’t mean winning the law. As you can see from the movie, Mcdonald’s can use its strong financial resources to employ top lawyers and even to â€Å"control† the court but the ‘McLibel two’ were still able to get their point across. They were able to show people that McDonalds is a symbol of corporate evil using animals, nature and people merely as means to make a profit. The McLibel Trial received worldwide coverage in the media for the right of ordinary people to freedom of speech against powerful multi-nationals. VI. 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