The Atomic Bomb Of The United States - 2000 Words

In 1939, when it was discovered that Germany had the technology to produce a weapon of mass destruction, the United States was determined that they would not fall trap to the Nazi’s reign. World renowned scientists gathered together and by 1941, the secret project to produce an atomic bomb was given the code name the Manhattan Project. Nobody expected this weapon to be so powerful, but this secret weapon had a lasting impact that changed the course of history. The Manhattan Project was ultimately responsible for the accomplishment of separating a uranium atom, which resulted in a weapon of mass destruction known as the atomic bomb. This secret project ultimately ended the Second World War, issued in the nuclear age, and changed the way wars were fought. Interestingly, the initiation of the Manhattan project can be attributed to two United States immigrants. Just after World War II had begun, Albert Einstein, who had fled Nazi Germany, and Enrico Fermi, who had fled from Italy, had come together and decided that the president must be warned of the fact that Germany had the power to create an atomic weapon. At first, Roosevelt did not see the importance of this project, and only allotted $6,000 for research. However, when the war with the Axis powers grew, fear also grew, and the budget for the Manhattan project was ultimately enlarged to $2 billion dollars. Eventually, Roosevelt established the Advisory Committee on Uranium and the National Defense Research Committee. AtShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthe detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. This atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. As the atomic bomb was detonated it s ent shock-waves all over the world. There was endless research done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called The Manhattan Engineer District Project but it was more commonly known as The Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was brought by fear of Germany and its atomic research. On account of theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1610 Words   |  7 Pages It was the morning of July 16, 1945, a countdown for the detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. However, the atomic bomb was detonated and it sent shock-waves all over the world. There was much research to be done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called â€Å"The Manhattan Engineer District Project† but it was known as The Manhattan Project. With the issues of theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1358 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å" The atom bomb was no ‘great decision.’ It was merely another powerful weapon in the arsenal of righteousness.† This quote was said by Harry S. Truman the first President who used an atomic bomb. The program that was able to create this monstrous power was known as the Manhattan Project. Creating this weapon was their main priority. The United States was in the midst of World War 2. The atomic bomb is considered to be the main factor that ended that war. It was a race against the multiple enemiesRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States2074 Words   |  9 PagesSampson Phillips American History/SRP Mr. Smith 1/1/16 The Atomic Bombs On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a bombing attack on the American naval base in Pearl Harbor. This attack on the U.S. brought America into World War II. One Japanese general commented â€Å"I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.† (Yamamoto) Japan’s surprise attack on the U.S. created a much larger enemy than they intended. After the attack the U.S. embarked on a bloodyRead MoreAtomic Bomb On The United States866 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelope a weapon, using nuclear power that could be used against enemies of the United States. President Roosevelt felt the need to reach this landmark before any other conuntry beat the United States to it. Having this type of weapon would also help establish the country as powerful and more advanced than others. When President Roosevelt unfourtuantly died on April 12, I, Harry Turman, became President of the United States and overseen this project. In July of 1945 the project produced a weapon so powerfulRead MoreThe First Atomic Bomb Of The United States1249 Words   |  5 PagesRoosevelt asked the United States congress to declare war on Japan. Three days later, after the United States turned its attention to Germany and Italy, the two countries declared war on the United States, which the President and Congress freely agreed to. After two years of continuous fighting in the second World War, America had finally joined (â€Å"Pearl Harbor†). Two years before America even joined World War II, Albert Einstein, a German physicist, warned the United States of Germany’s threatRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima, Japan, And The United States1202 Words   |  5 PagesAugust 6th 1945, the United States dropped the first of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima, Japan. World War Two was practically over, but Japan and the United States weren’t getting along due to Japan bombing Pearl Harbor. The President of the United States (Truman) and U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill Issued the Potsdam Declaration which was the declaration that was put on the table for Japan after Germany had surrendered. Earlier in the war we had been putting together atomic weapons in case theRead MoreWhy The United States Should Use Atomic Bombs966 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States decision to use atomic bombs to end the war appeared to be the saving grace for the American people. Once World War II came to an end as a result of the bom bings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, however, the eyes of Americans were opened to the possibility that what they viewed as salvation for their country could be equated with the evils committed by the Axis powers. For example, many trials were held against German men that were a part of the Nazi operation thatRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 PagesThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomicRead MoreWhy the United States Dropped the Atomic Bomb: Persuasive Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe atomic bomb is the subject of much controversy. Since its first detonation in 1945, the entire world has heard the aftershocks of that blast. Issues concerning Nuclear Weapons sparked the Cold War. We also have the atomic bomb to thank for our relative peace in this time due to the fear of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The effects of the atomic bomb might not have been the exact effects that the United State s was looking for when they dropped Little Boy and Fat Man on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The Advantages of What College Have Essay Topics

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Is Feminism Really A Theme In Ibsens, A Dolls House Essay Example For Students

Is Feminism Really A Theme In Ibsens, A Dolls House? Essay Is Feminism really a theme in Ibsens, A Dolls House?In Ibsens A Dolls House someone reading the book might say that feminism is a large theme in the story. But is it? I would have to say that it is. Throughout the play there are many examples of Torvald treating Nora badly and in a way insulting her because shes a woman. He calls her little pet names, and says that shes frail. Nora also does things according to what Torvald wants. Everything thing is done by his standards. He also doesnt allow her to have very much freedom. He doesnt leave decisions to Nora. We see this when they talk about what Nora is going to where and do for the ball. He also puts her down a lot. He makes comments that suggest that Nora could never understand anything, just because shes a woman. These examples show that feminism is a theme in the story. Torvald treats Nora almost like a child. He never actually talks to her like an adult. Almost as if Torvald thought that Nora wasnt intelligent, or mature enough to have a conversation that had to deal with serious matters. He also has a lot of pet names for her. Whenever Torvald speaks to Nora he usually calls her my little squirrel, and little lark. He also calls her a spendthrift whenever she asks for money. He never really calls her Nora unless he gets serious, but any other time he just call her one of her pet names. But he also never speaks to her about anything important. He only talks to her about spending and about things of leisure, like the ball. Throughout the play Torvald continually says that Nora couldnt possibly understand serious matters, because shes a woman. When Torvald an Nora speak Torvald usually says something like, Thats just like a woman, which shows that Torvald believes that woman are not capable of understanding anything but spending money, taking care of their husband and their children. He even mentions this at the end of the book. Where he tells Nora that she has an obligation to take care of her husband and her children, and she shouldnt think of anything else. He doesnt give Nora any freedom to speak or even think for herself. Every time she does something she does it for Torvald, or she does it because thats what Torvald wants her to do. Everything that Nora does, she does it the way she thinks that Torvald would like her to do it. Nora never really does anything for herself. Whenever shes planning to do something she asks Torvalds opinion, or she does things according to how she thinks he would like i t to be done, or how he says they should be done. For example, when Nora is preparing for the ball, she asks Torvald what she should wear instead of deciding for herself. She also asks him what she should perform. Also when she is talking to Christina Linde about what shes going to wear and what she will perform at the ball, she says, Well if it pleases Torvald, which shows that anything she does she does for Torvald and not herself. Also when speaking to Torvald she always speaks to him as perhaps a child would. She tries to just sound cheerful and simple. She never speaks to him in a serious tone. She always speaks to him as if she wants something. But Torvald never treats Nora with any respect. He is always talking to her as if she doesnt understand, and really takes her for granted. He treats her more like a possession than a person. This is where you see that Nora is like a doll. He has this rule that he set on Nora, where she cant eat macaroons. Torvald says this because he wants his wife to have a good figure. Which means that Torvald doesnt want Nora to get fat. Then he has her dancing around at the ball. To Torvald, Nora is like a pet that hes taught to be obedient and to do tricks for him. This where feminism is evident in the play. This is where you see that Torvald thinks himself to be superior to Nora because he is a man, and Nora is a woman. .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .postImageUrl , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:visited , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:active { border:0!important; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:active , .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7 .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f5f6059e884035097b8e17d0c4704b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes EssaySome people may argue that feminism isnt a theme in A Dolls house, that theme is actually about human rights. In the story Nora had an oppressive father, and then later she went to her appearance oppressive husband Torvald. An argument could also be made that the roles could be reversed. A man could have been raised by a tyrant mother, then later on have married a tyrant wife. But I dont think thats true. There are just to many points to support the fact that feminism is a theme in Ibsens play. Just in the way that Torvald speaks to Nora. The names that he calls her. Also the fact that he never has a serious conversation with Nora because shes a woman and she wouldnt understand. He openly says this in the story, and because of that I believe that feminism is a very dominant theme in Ibsens A Dolls House.

Mclibel Case free essay sample

â€Å"A reputation once broken may possibly be repaired, but the world will always keep their eyes on the spot where the crack was. † -Joseph Hall I. Background Analysis There are as many brands in the world as there are stars in the sky. They’re innumerable. However, no matter how many they are, there are those stars that shine the most. This is also the case for the brands in the world. Only a few are able to stand in the international arena. Some try to venture into the world market. However, those brand either don’t last long or they’re devoured by the competition. It is never easy to go international. The world’s top brands were started by normal people with extraordinary determination. And if you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. We will write a custom essay sample on Mclibel Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day. † They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call â€Å"Coke†, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1. 6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and he moved the headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, when the Korean War broke out, he had no other choice but to leave. So he started a sugar refinery and a woolen mill under the parent company, Samsung. Samsung was banned from selling electronics which they then offered. The ban by president Park Chung-hee lasted for 18 years which gave Samsung 18 years to fine-tune their products and become one of the biggest electronics providers in the world. We also have Louis Vuitton. At the age of 14, little Louis decided to move to Paris from his hometown, Jura. He made the 249-mile journey by foot, picking up odd jobs along the way. With extraordinary hard work, the brand she established is now worth $ 21. 9 billion. Point is, everything starts from somewhere. There isn’t a company in the world that suddenly appeared and dominated the market. It took them years to establish the brand and gain customer loyalty. Having mentioned several humble beginnings of big brands, it’s no surprise that these brands stand on the world market. While there are those that are exclusive, there are also those that are accessible to the public. Take Toyota for example, Toyota cars are everywhere. You can locate a branch in almost any country and any town. When it comes to reaching the public there’s another figure that hasn’t failed the people – Mcdonald’s. McDonalds is the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the world. It has more than 31,000 outlets worldwide. Simply put, It is the most successful food service organization in the world. When Mcdonald’s put on the tagline â€Å"Millions and Millions served†, they weren’t joking. According to their website, Mcdonald’s serves more than 47 million customers every single day. From simple foundations, Richard and Maurice McDonald mastered the art of mass service production and opened a restaurant in San Bernardino, California which â€Å"Speedee Service System which started the trend in modern fast-food restaurant. Mcdonald’s’ original mascost was a man wearing a toque on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was â€Å"Speedee. † Eventually, Ronald Mcdonald replaced â€Å"Speedee† in 1967 when the company first filed a U. S. trademark on a clown shaped man having puffed out costume legs. McDonalds first filed for a U. S. trademark on the name McDonalds on May 4, 1961, with the description Drive-In Restaurant Services, which continues to be renewed through the end of December 2009. The McDonalds Golden Arches logo was introduced in 1962. It was created by Jim Schindler to resemble new arch shaped signs on the sides of the restaurants. He merged the two golden arches together to form the famous M now recognized throughout the world. Schindlers work was a development of the stylized v logo sketched by Fred Turner, which was conceived as a more stylish corporate symbol than the Speedee chef character that had previously been used. The McDonalds name was added to the logo in 1968. The first McDonalds restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden, in order of openings. Mcdonald’s dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955, the ninth Mcdonald’s restaurant overall. Kroc later on bought the Mcdonald’s brothers’ equity in the company which helped it step into the world market and boosted its international marketability potential which landed them on the public stock markets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry. The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Krocs autobiography and in the McDonald brothers autobiography. The site of the McDonald brothers original restaurant is now a monument Now, having mentioned Mcdonald’s, what will make the â€Å"Golden Arches† fall even for an instant? Let me rephrase that, has it fallen before? The answer is, yes. The smooth sailing of Mcdonald’s took a bumpy turn in the the early 1900’s until late. It was basically a battle between David and Goliath. It really began with one person, with Helen just saying, I cant apologize. Just one person saying, No, I wont bow down. Eric Schlosser, Author of Fast Food Nation In 1986, a group called the London Greenpeace, splinter group of Greenpeace International, started distributing pamphlets containing allegations against Mcdonald’s. The pamphlet focused on a variety of social and environmental issues such as animal cruelty, exploitative marketing (in McDonald’s advertising campaigns aimed at children), rain forest depletion and the perceived negative health value of McDonald’s products. To stop London Greenpeace from further distributing and printing these leaflets, Mcdonald’s decided to take matters into court. The trial started in 1994 at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. A witty reporter called the case between Mcdonald’s and Steel and Morris the McLibel Trial, a nickname that stuck, and Steel and Morris became the McLibel Two. McDonald’s asserted that all claims in the pamphlet were without basis and false, but the case became a field day for the media when top McDonald’s executives were forced to take the stand to be questioned by the two activists. II. Situation Analysis There were numerous issues involving the McLibel. Some of which are: Legal To counter the allegations made by London Greenpeace represented by Helen Steel and Dave Morris, Mcdonald’s decided to file a lawsuit against these two. McDonalds could not sue London Greenpeace because it was only an association of individuals, so they picked five activists and told them to apologize or be sued in court. The company issued libel writs against five activists but three backed down and apologized. For Steel and Morris, however, the threat of legal action also represented an opportunity, an opportunity to get a bigger audience – the world. The trial did provide a much larger platform for their views than they would ever have been given standing outside McDonald’s restaurants distributing pamphlets and telling people what’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. Surprisingly, what people thought was an easy case of Goliath crushing Dave took a different turn. The trial became the longest in the British history with a total of 313 days in court. And as the case progressed, so too did the interest of the media. Soon enough, the world is listening to every word uttered in court, people listened to what were the things being discussed in the courtroom. Every single statement made in the original pamphlet was discussed and dissected not only in court, but in news studios around the world. This was a mammoth legal battle between the $30 billion a year earner McDonalds Corporation and two London Greenpeace supporters, Helen Steel, a gardener, and Dave Morris, a postman. The company decided to go to court because they wanted to stop the stop publication of the leaflet Whats Wrong with McDonalds. The leaflet has been distributed worldwide since 1984. Its contents have been repeated in the media, schools and even church magazines. With 180 witnesses called to testify on the case, the company endured humiliation after humiliation as the court heard claims of food poisoning, failure to pay legal overtime, bogus recycling claims and corporate spies sent to infiltrate the ranks of London Greenpeace. Mcdonald’s has resources beyond any of us can imagine may it be financial, legal, or human resources whilst Steel and Morris didn’t have money at the time the trial took place. Therefore, they couldn’t afford legal services. But despite this obstacle and the fact that both didn’t have extensive knowledge on the inner working of the court, they decided to take matters into their own hands and fight the case themselves. When verdict was read on June 19,1997, Mcdonald’s triumphed and claimed victory while Steel and Morris were ordered to pay damages. As part of their plan to show the people that Mcdonald’s is forgiving, they didn’t force the two to pay the damages which originally was ? 60,000 which was later cut by a third when the court accepted some of the accusations of London Greenpeace. Industry In what way are McDonalds responsible for torture and murder? ’ Is one of the questions asked in the pamphlet ‘What’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. ’ Yes, they are responsible for murders, but not of people but of animals. The justification for conferring rights on animals is that animals are in many important ways like humans. Animals are sentient creatur es. They feel pleasure and pain, experience emotions, remember, anticipate and learn. What happens to them is important for them, unlike what happens to a rock or a stone. So, if you argue that humans deserve rights, by simple extension you can argue that animals also deserve rights. The menu at Mcdonald’s are mostly made of meat. From burgers to nuggets, whatever meat it is, it’s still meat. And everyday, in all the branches of Mcdonald’s worldwide, they serve meat and meat comes from animals. Meaning, each day they have to kill and slaughter animals to serve to the customers to stay in business. Most of the animals they breed – especially the chickens and the pigs – experience a slow death. These animals are deprived of air and sunshine and freedom of movement. This served as wake up call to the food service industry. One of the accusations of London Greenpeace was the cruel and barbaric treatment of the animals Mcdonald’s serves to the people. They allegedly brutally slaughtered animals. The slaughterhouses supplying chickens to McDonalds dump the birds out of their transport crates and hang them upside down on their way to being killed. Chickens often suffer broken bones, extreme bruising, and hemorrhaging as they wait in fear to have their throats cup open while still conscious. Many birds are immersed in tanks of scalding-hot water—alive and able to feel every bit of the pain. A British government report even pointed out that the stunning methods were insufficient leaving the animals conscious while their throats being slit, bellies being opened, and a lot more. This was a clear justification of breaking animal rights. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced, they would likely think twice before ordering a Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Environmental Its a simple concept really. Mcdonald’s faced a challenging predicament when they were faced with the environmental issues that were put into the limelight. Basically, McDonalds sells beef. Many beef suppliers get their beef from Central and South American countries. They, along with other fast food chains were said to be poisoning lands of South and Central American to create a grazing pastures for cattle to be shipped to the States into forms of burgers and pet food, and to provide fat-food packaging materials. These cattle farms are usually placed on rainforest land that had been cut and cleared. The poor soil of the rainforest can only sustain life for up to a decade. The beef suppliers must move their farms every few years and consequently destroy more rainforest to accommodate the farm. Rarely does the forest regrow, even if replanted. 70% of the moisture that makes a rainforest a rainforest originates from the transpiration of the leaves on the vegetation. Once that vegetation is removed for a few years and then replaced when its bovine purpose is complete, the species of the rainforest cannot reestablish themselves because of the now lack of moisture they need to survive. Using cleared rainforest land for cattle grazing is short lived; no land is more ill-suited to extensive livestock production. Trees serve as vital links in the water and nutrient cycles of the rainforest, absorbing most of the rainfall. When tree cover is removed, the underlying soil is no longer protected from the pounding rain and it rapidly loses important nutrients. Therefore, preventing the earth and the trees for a chance of growing back. Grass for cows does not grow on this land for long and is quickly replaced by weeds and shrubs. Most pasture obtained by way of rainforest destruction is discarded after it has served its purpose. The pamphlet also mentions that the people shouldn’t believe Mcdonald’s’ claims that the paper they use are 100 % recycled, only a small part of it is. Mcdonald’s has to cut down 800 square miles of forest just to keep them supplied with paper for one year. Tons of this end up littering the cities of developed countries. The urban cities weren’t the only ones involved in the claims made by London Greenpeace, there’s also the issue of colonial invasion. Tribal people were forced to leave their ancestral territories where they have lived peacefully for decades without causing harm to the environment they have tediously taken care of for thousands of years. This kind of incident isn’t something new when it comes to the viciousness of multinational companies in their endless search for things to sacrifice in order to achieve their ultimate goal- profit. â€Å"Its no exaggeration to say that when you bite into a Big Mac, youre helping the McDonalds empire to wreck this planet. † Social It was a very strategic move when Mcdonald’s positioned their advertisements towards getting the attention of the children. Business-wise, it was brilliant. However, when viewed in another light, it was clearly a form of exploitation. Advertising aimed at young children should be restricted because youngsters cannot evaluate it properly. Children under age 8 tend to assume advertising is truthful and unbiased. Therefore, they form a perception that what they see on TV is the truth. And Mcdonald’s took advantage of this, within the constraints the law, they used or rather use,because they still do it today, their thirty-second commercials to target the youth to be the decision-makers, convincing their parents to buy the advertised toys, foods, drinks other products. Inherent in this argeting, especially of the very young, are the advertisers; fostering the youths loyalty to brands, creating among the children a loss of individuality and self-sufficiency, denying them the ability to explore and create but instead often encouraging poor health habits. The children demanding advertisers products are influencing economic hardships in many families today. These children, targeted by advertisers, are so vulnerable to trickery, are so mentally and emotionally unable to understand reality because they lack the cognitive reasoning skills needed to be skeptical of advertisements. Children spend thousands of hours captivated by various advertising tactics and do not understand their subtleties. What’s more, when these children start to be attracted to a certain meal or toy from a happy meal, they have a tendency to never stop asking them from their parents. Health Many of the unhealthy facts of fast food have only been brought to light in recent years. Film documentaries and books may have done more for society in this aspect than doctors and scientists recommendations. The average person is probably more likely to watch a movie than read a scientific document. They may heed their doctor’s advice, but only if they have a health problem. Many people understand the fast food risks, but are unable to resist the constant temptation created by having four or five restaurants within walking distance. Researchers have found that fat and sugar have the same effect on brain chemistry as addictive drugs, just to a lesser degree. You have to add that physical effect to the psychological ones caused by childhood memories of playgrounds and kid’s meals. It would be hard for anyone to resist that kind of temptation. Changes in healthy cholesterol levels are fast food risks that have been studied by scientists. In one study, after just one week of overeating by consuming fast foods twice a day, 16 out of 18 volunteers participating in the study had a significant increase in cholesterol levels. The increase was significant enough to increase their risk of heart disease. Next time you take a week long vacation, you may want to think twice before eating out twice a day. Heart disease is the main risk. Being overweight and having high cholesterol levels are risk factors for heart disease. Other possible risks include nutritional deficiencies, stomach ailments and cancer. Consumption of trans-fats specifically has been associated with an increased risk of stomach and colon cancer. Most of the baked goods you find at those restaurants are made using trans-fats. Despite the unhealthy facts of fast food, there are millions of fast food chains in the world that are still being patronized by people despite their knowledge of the risks. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced and what they contain, they would likely think twice before ordering that Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Whether it’s deliberate or not, there’s little information given by Mcdonald’s about the nutritional information of the food served at Mcdonald’s which it is guilty of. III. Implications/ Consequences/ Parallelism/ Values Fast food is something that has gained global recognition especially in modern cities around the world that has made eating fast food a daily routine. What started as a trend evolved into a culture in which the modern society depends on. In this country, many people eat fast food regularly, for example, Filipinos grab a bite at a nearby Fast food restaurant any time of the day. This is mainly due to the convenience of fast food. The word fast food says it all. The food is prepared fast and also eaten fast. It is prepared fast as the food is highly processed which means that the food has been altered from its original state for the convenience of fast preparation. The food is then eaten fast as customers require little or even no utensils to enjoy their hamburger or fried chicken. There are many fast food franchises in the fast food industry. There are franchises such as Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) , Bruger King and also Long John Silver. But only one franchise stand out from all the other fast food restaurants and that franchise is something that almost everyone in the world knows about. That franchise is McDonald’s. Sociologist,George Ritzer, has even coined the term ‘McDonaldization’ of society emphasizing the growth of the corporation. Ritzer coined the term to describe societies that operate efficiently and predictably, much like how McDonald’s operate. Even in most countries, McDonald’s prove to be the choice of the hungry. During lunch hour, many working adults and students would choose to have their lunch at Mcdonald’s. McDonald’s was the first fast food restaurant to use an assembly line-like system to prepare its food which was called the Speedee system. Speedee system emphasized on quick and efficient meals that can be prepared and served quickly and easily and also of a good quality. The restaurant even had a mascot named Speedee before it was eventually replaced by the clown we know today as Ronald McDonalds. The McDonald’s corporation is also associated with controversy, possibly due to size of the corporation and its competition. McDonald’s has been debated over many things such as obesity,   corporate ethics and damage to environment. McDonald’s has tried to respond to many of this criticisms. One of the popular cases that dragged the name of this company is the McLibel. McLibel is the true story of a postman and a gardener who took on McDonalds and wouldnt say McSorry, in a legal battle since described as the biggest corporate PR disaster in history. McDonalds loved using the UKs libel laws to suppress criticism. Major media organizations like the BBC and The Sun had crumbled and apologized. But then McDonalds sued penniless activists Helen Steel and Dave Morris. In what became the longest trial in English legal history, the McLibel 2 represented themselves against McDonalds USD$19 million legal team. Every aspect of the corporations business was cross-examined: from junk food and McJobs, to animal cruelty, environmental damage and the companys advertising to children. Outside the courtroom, Dave brought up his young son alone and Helen supported herself working nights in a bar. McDonalds tried every trick in the book against them. For example, visits from top U. S. executives flying to London for secret settlement negotiations. Even spies. McLibel is not about hamburgers. It is about the power multinational corporations wield over our everyday lives and two unlikely heroes who are changing McWorld. The marketing strategy of McDonald is something that has helped them immensely to become one of the to regain their reputation as the most popular fastfood franchise in the world. Despite that, parents are concern with McDonald’s’ marketing strategy as their little ones are heavily involved in it. That is because McDonald’s marketing strategy is to attract children to eat in their restaurant. There are many ways in how McDonald’s does it. One of them is through the inclusion of the happy meal which is a miniature versions of their normal meals just for children. But what really attracts children is the free toys that is accompanied with the meal. Varying from Strawberry Shortcake toys all the way to Hotwheels, McDonald’s have been employing this tactic of giving away free toys just so that children would choose to eat at McDonalds’. A concerned parent has also taken McDonald’s to court over McDonald’s strategy of giving away free toys. Mrs Monet Parham is suing McDonald’s of â€Å"getting into her child’s mind without her permission†. She felt that her daughter, Maya Parham, is going to McDonald’s and buy the happy meal just for the sake of getting the free toy. Even in other countries, McDonald’s have been attracting children in many ways. Every morning, the McDonald’s staff would give out balloons to the young ones. They even advertise their happy meal on television, about the toys and not the food which comes in the happy Meal. But why Children? The answer to that is because Children always are accompanied by older people. Adults who accompany their children to McDonald’s would also buy food for themselves while they accompany their Child. This is similar to the analogy of catching two fishes with only one bait. You can say that this is unethical, because they’re using children to regain what reputation they lost during the McLibel trial. IV. Conclusion People make mistakes. And since people run this world, it is understandable that whatever it is, if it’s run by a person or a group of people, something could potentially go wrong. If a wrong decision is made, it affects verything within and sometimes outside its territories. â€Å"If public relations practitioners are to assess issues successfully and identify publics that are likely to become active on those issues, they must look beyond the confines of their own culture and beyond the borders of their own country,† Anderson (1992) To sum it all up, Mcdonald’s may have won the battle but they ultimately lost the war. To the majority, Steel and Morris may have looked like ants battling a slowly descending foot, but little did they know that Steel and Morris used Mcdonald’s libel case to their advantage. McDonald’s can afford the best lawyers in town and pay them beyond what they normally receive, they can use their wealth to do a lot of things, but one thing they weren’t able to do with the money they have was to use it to analyze the situation and not underestimate the power of the people which was what they did. Mcdonald’s not only underestimated the people, they also underestimated technology – internet. During the time of the trial, internet became popular. I remember when I first experienced the power of the Internet. I was in elementary school hanging out with a friend. We decided to go to a computer shop and got online to chat. Of course, that led to starting trouble within the chat room and getting kicked out, but the feeling of connecting gave us a sense of power to connect to the world. This power gave the ‘McLibel’ two the opportunity to reach the world, aside from using the tri-media to be heard. With the internet, one voice produce echoes from different people having the same opinion. Another point that Mcdonald’s didn’t notice was money isn’t everything. They may have the finances to employ and hire the world’s best lawyers and pay them double, but that doesn’t mean that the suit is won. Last thing about Mcdonald’s, they forgot to look at the bigger picture. They just focused their attention on people distributing leaflet, which has no assurance that the public would believe, and forgot that by focusing too much on these people and filing cases against them that the media would know, would highlight the whole cause of the people going against them. Mcdonald’s helped these people to spread the things on the leaflet since each and every line on the leaflet would be scrutinized by the media. People may forget all that had happened in the McLibel case after several decades, however, if the internet remains, people will have access to what had happened when Goliath (Mcdonald’s) tripped because of the wit of David (Steel and Morris). V. Personal Learning and Insights I wasn’t aware that Mcdonald’s encountered this kind of problem until the film was shown to us. As someone studying public relations, I must say that this may be the gravest mistake a PR practitioner can ever make. Before taking action, an effective PR practitioner should assess all the possible results of an action. When I say all, I mean all. All the negative and positive outcomes should be taken into consideration since not everything goes according to plan. Mcdonald’s must’ve thought that Steel and Morris being simple citizens couldn’t do much to affect the operation of the company. They underestimated them. And this underestimation caused them to walk down the road of humiliation more than once. Personally, I think Mcdonald’s considered this just a MINOR setback. The corporation may have spent a hefty amount on legal fees but that’s something they can earn overnight. Their reputation may have been tarnished by this incident but like every negative thing there is, it can be forgotten. People now barely remember what happened with this David and Goliath battle. While I applaud the determination of Helen Steel and Dave Morris, I would have to admit that all they did was temporarily hinder Mcdonald’s. They may have closed a store, but the name still lives. Comparing it to a spider, even a leg is unable to move, if the head remains, the animal still lives. I wouldn’t say that what they did was a complete waste of time because they were able to make a difference. They were able to prove that even normal citizens can topple down a giant, even if it was just for a short while. What theyve actually done is to hold McDonalds accountable to society on behalf of society. And I think they are heroes of our time. Dan Gallin, Intl. Union of Food Workers, Witness I do appreciate these two persons in the movie – Helen and Dave. They may have lost the suit but they won the public’s attention. After watching the documentary, I thought a lot and learned that winning a suit doesn’t mean winning the law. As you can see from the movie, Mcdonald’s can use its strong financial resources to employ top lawyers and even to â€Å"control† the court but the ‘McLibel two’ were still able to get their point across. They were able to show people that McDonalds is a symbol of corporate evil using animals, nature and people merely as means to make a profit. The McLibel Trial received worldwide coverage in the media for the right of ordinary people to freedom of speech against powerful multi-nationals. VI. References http://www. mcspotlight. org/case/ http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/McLibel_Case http://www. guardian. co. uk/uk/1996/dec/14/1 http://rationalwiki. org/wiki/McLibel_trial http://brandfailures. blogspot. com/2006/12/brand-pr-failures-mcdonalds-McLibel. html http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/40237632/ns/business-world_business/t/how-worlds-top-brands-got-started/ http://www. dinesh. com/History_of_Logos/Worlds_Best_Brands_and_Logos/McDonalds_Logo_-_Design_and_Histor y/ http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_many_customers_does_mcdonalds_serve_each_day http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_countries_with_McDonalds_franchises ttp://thenewamerican. com/tech-mainmenu-30/computers/4458-the-power-of-the-internet http://www. animalethics. org. uk/i-ch6-5-McLibel. html http://animalrights. about. com/od/companies/a/McDonaldsAnimal. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Restaurants_v_Morris_%26_Steel http://www. mcspotlight. org/case/factsheet. html http://www. naderlibrary. com/mclibel. transcript. htm http://www. jivdaya. org/mclibel_case_the_story. html http://www. vindy. com/news/2011/mar/03/author-be-aware-of-fast-food/ http://physicalliving. com/tag/fast-food-risks/

Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes

Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes The art of choosing a Chinese name takes several things into consideration, such as the meanings of the characters, the elements they represent, and the number of strokes. When all of these factors are combined in a harmonious fashion, the result is an auspicious name that will bring good fortune to the bearer. Chinese characters are defined as either Yin or Yang depending on their number of strokes. Strokes are the individual pen movements that are required to draw a character. For example, the character ä º º (person) has two strokes, and the character Ã¥ ¤ © (heaven) has four strokes. Characters which have an even number of strokes are considered Yin, and characters with an odd number of strokes are Yang. The Chinese Name - Zhong Ge A Chinese name usually has three characters – the family name (a single character) and the given name (two characters). The family name is called tiÄ n gà © (Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦   ¼) and the given name is called dà ¬ gà © (Ã¥Å" °Ã¦   ¼). There is also the rà ©n gà © (ä º ºÃ¦   ¼) which is the family name and the first character of the given name. The name in total is called the zhÃ… ng gà © (Ã¥ ¿  Ã¦   ¼). The total number of strokes of the zhÃ… ng gà © should equal 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68, 73, or 81. In addition to the number of strokes, the Chinese name must be balanced in terms of Yin and Yang. The characters of the name should match one of these patterns: Yang Yang YinYin Yin YangYang Yin YinYin Yang Yang When considering whether the family name (tiÄ n gà ©) is Yin or Yang, the number of strokes is always increased by one.

Alkali Metals - Properties of Element Groups

Alkali Metals - Properties of Element Groups Learn about the properties of the alkali metals, one of the element groups: Location of the Alkali Metals on the Periodic Table The alkali metals are the elements located in Group IA of the periodic table. The alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Alkali Metal Properties The alkali metals exhibit many of the physical properties common to metals, although their densities are lower than those of other metals. Alkali metals have one electron in their outer shell, which is loosely bound. This gives them the largest atomic radii of the elements in their respective periods. Their low ionization energies result in their metallic properties and high reactivities. An alkali metal can easily lose its valence electron to form the univalent cation. Alkali metals have low electronegativities. They react readily with nonmetals, particularly halogens. Summary of Common Properties Lower densities than other metalsOne loosely bound valence electronLargest atomic radii in their periodsLow ionization energiesLow electronegativitiesHighly reactive Metals  |  Nonmetals  |  Metalloids  |  Alkali Metals  |  Alkaline Earths  |  Transition Metals  |  Halogens  |  Noble Gases  |  Rare Earths  |  Lanthanides  |  Actinides

Strategic corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic corporate finance - Essay Example Price-to earnings ratios as a method of share valuation aids in the determination of whether a company is undervalued or overvalued, however, P/E ratio has a number of limitations or pitfalls and is only valid in specific circumstances. Its usefulness is undermined by the following factors. The first factor is accounting. Earnings from which is it derived is an accounting figure that is determined under the guidance of accounting rules known as Generally Accepted accounting Principles, GAAP) that are subject to change and they usually vary from one country to another (Barnhart & Giannetti 2009: 79). Therefore, EPS can be squeezed, twisted and prodded into numerous numbers depending on how one decides to do the books. It is therefore subjective and the figures being compared may not be the same. The second factor that limits the usefulness of P/E ratio is inflation. During times of high inflation, P/E ratio tends to e much lower because the market normally views the earnings as bein g artificially distorted upwards (Ball 2012: 327). During such times, depreciation as well as inventory costs tends to be understated since the replacement costs of equipment as well as goods increase with the rise in general level of prices. Information therefore, makes it hard to value the shares because past information is often less useful today. P/E ratio cannot therefore give a clear picture regarding the valuation of the shares of the company in times of high inflation Another limitation is about market interpretations. The values of P/E can be interpreted in a number of ways, for instance, a low P/E ratio may mean that the company is undervalued. On the other hand, it may indicate that the market thinks that the firm in question is headed for trouble or problems in the near future. This implies that the earnings of the company will reduce lower than expected (Ball 2012: 330). It is clear that companies are able to manipulate

Mutli-National Company Entering India Research Paper

Mutli-National Company Entering India - Research Paper Example Gazprom operates in the industry of natural gas. From the demand side the factors affecting sales of the company and its profitability are weather, demographics, economic growth, fuel consumption, storage and exports. From the supply side, the factors affecting sales are pipeline capacity, storage, gas drilling, natural phenomena, technical issues and imports. The demand of natural gas has followed the cyclical pattern. It depends on time and season changes. The peak season of demand is the coldest months while demand is low in the hotter months although demand increases slightly in summer to meet the requirements of electric generators. The price of natural gas can affect demand of particularly those consumers who have the capacity to switch the fuel of their dependence. An expanding economy tends to give rise to more demand for the industrial consumers. The study of the recent activities of Gazprom will reveal whether the company is utilizing its resources. The company in collabora tion with Shell is on the discussion to take joint efforts abroad with Russia as the epicenter. The company is progressing with the joint projects of EDF and Total. The company launched the informatorium website in English (Gazprom, 2012). It recently completed the pre-commissioning of Bovanenkovo. Along with DONG Energy the company is developing investment rationale for the projects of power generation in North Western Europe. Brief Summary of the business A straight forward market structure characterized the market for natural gas prior to deregulation and unbundling of pipeline. The industry has changed dramatically in the present times and exposed to choice and competition. Free market regulates the prices. Interstate pipelines offers on the components of transportation which is under the regulation of the federal. LDCs are continuing to offer bundled products although many states allow the use of distribution network but only for transportation. Producers or LDCs are the suppli er to the end users. Marketers are present in the existing market structure. They serve in the process of mobilizing natural gas from producers to end users. Marketers can have their mark in sale and transport of natural gas. Fluctuations In exchange rate The following chart and the table show the fluctuations in the exchange rate: SDRs per currency unit for the period January 31, 2010 - January 30, 2011 Date Indian rupee(INR) Russian ruble(RUB) 1-Feb-10 0.01393 Â   0.0212344 Â   2-Mar-10 0.0142143 Â   0.0218208 Â   5-Apr-10 0.0147268 Â   0.0225517 Â   4-May-10 0.0149466 Â   0.0227324 Â   1-Jun-10 0.0146398 Â   0.0219997 Â   2-Jul-10 0.0143573 Â   0.0214848 Â   2-Aug-10 0.0142177 Â   0.0217556 Â   1-Sep-10 0.0140855 Â   0.0214345 Â   1-Oct-10 0.0143587 Â   0.0210278 Â   1-Nov-10 0.0142717 Â   0.0206002 Â   1-Dec-10 0.0143023 Â   0.020779 Â   10-Jan-11 0.0144437 Â   0.0216247 Â   1-Feb-11 0.0139117 Â   0.0214905 Â   1-Mar-11 0.0140906 Â   0.0221084 Â   6-A pr-11 0.0142449 Â   0.0223142 Â   3-May-11 0.0139446 Â   0.0226197 Â   1-Jun-11 0.0139248 Â   0.0223499 Â   1-Jul-11 0.0140143 Â   0.0224329 Â   1-Aug-11 0.014103 Â   0.0225737 Â   2-Sep-11 0.0136119 Â   0.0214996 Â   3-Oct-11 0.013013 Â   0.0197337 Â   1-Nov-11 0.0129771 Â   0.0207838 Â   1-Dec-11 0.0124078 Â   0.0207745 Â   9-Jan-12 0.0124032 Â   0.0203137 Â   The factors that contribute to the changes in the exchange

Afghan Paper Essay Example for Free

Afghan Paper Essay The United States faces many problems in the current war with terrorist forces. The increase of causalities, the increase of fanatical Taliban and al Qaeda troops, the lack of Afghan National Army forces to help with the fighting, and the ever looming threat of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of insurgents. The Obama administration’s new strategy includes efforts to increase the confidence of the local Afghan population by protecting it from insurgent violence and improving governance, security and economic development (Afghanistan, 672). In order to implement these plans, the U.S. has deployed new troop — a total of 21,000 additional soldiers to fight the insurgency in Afghanistan and train Afghan security forces. By the end of the year, the level of U. S. troops is expected to reach about 68,000. Other troops are also being supplied by NATO countries and other allies, currently about 32,000, though many are engaged in development and relief work and not combat operations (Afghanistan, 672). The top three NATO countries providing troops were the United King, Germany, and Canada, with many other smaller nations sending troops to contribute to war efforts. One of the most noteworthy features of the new strategic plan is to avoid civilian causalities throughout the war; the number of civilian causalities has gone done tremendously over the years, decreasing over a thousand between 2008 and 2009 (Afghanistan, 673). Another important part of the plan is to help develop the Afghan government by increasing the number of agricultural specialists, educators, engineers, and lawyers in the area. Now that the Obama administration has issued a new plan that has been under implementation for about two years, the topic of the administration announcing an exit plan has been under heavy debate. According to Ilan Berman, Vice-President for Policy of the American Foreign Policy Council, the United States should not set a date of exited from the war on Afghanistan. Berman states that announcing an exit plan would prove that the United States’ interest and investment in the stability of Afghanistan is temporary and limited (Afghanistan, 685). I am in agreement with the view Ilan Berman. The United States should gradually decrease the presence of troops within the country, while still working on providing a stable government and economy in Afghanistan. Reference page: Adapted from Kingsbury, A. 2011, February 11). Government secrecy. CQ Researcher, 21, 121-144. Retrieved from http://library. cqpress. com/cqresearcher/ Government Secrecy The discussion of government secrecy has been of great discussion over the last two years. The question, â€Å"Does great openness threaten national security? †, has been the topic at hand. The website WikiLeaks intensified the discussion with the released of thousands of classified government documents and military intelligence. Julian Assange, an Australian computer hacker, created the biggest United States security breach to ever hit the nation. Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, worked alongside a group of associates across several countries in releasing thousands of government documents. It is believed that his source may have been United States army private, Bradley Manning, who had access to these classified government documents and databases. Assange has yet to be prosecuted for the leaking of government information but the most likely approach to prosecuting him would be under the Espionage Act of 1917. The Act prohibits the â€Å"willful† disclosure of â€Å"information relating to the national defense. It has been interpreted to mean that the defendant must know the information will hurt national security and that disclosure violates the law (Government Secrecy, 127). The discussion of updating the Espionage Act of 1917 has been of discussion because of this leak as well as ones of a smaller magnitude. Abbe Lowell of the White-Collar Criminal Defense Group of McDermont Will amp; Emory is for the updating of the Espionage Act of 1917. According to Lowell, the document is not specific enough and as worded can be lead to the infringement of the first amendment. Documents released by WikiLeaks include sensitive diplomatic cables and combat field reports from Iraq and Afghanistan. A few notable disclosures included the push by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia for the U. S. to strike against Iran, the suspected corruption in Afghan government, and the hacking of Google by the Chinese government (Government Secrecy, 129). Many of the documents were obtained from the government database, SPIRNet, which Manning had access to. The Secret Internet Protocol Router Network allows the United Sates military and government agencies to share information. Over 500,000 people have access to the network, from senior military and law-enforcement officials to low-level military analysts and government contractors. This release of information has fueled the already heated battle between advocates of government secrecy and those who oppose (Government Secrecy, 124). Advocates of an open-government argue that federal agencies withhold too much information from the public, discouraging the ability of citizens to keep check on the wrongdoing of the government. According to supporters of government secrecy, sensitive information that could threaten the nations welfare if released is too easily accessed due to modern technology. President Obama, on his first day of office, signed an executive order designed to reduce government secrecy and increase the transparency of information across federal agencies. Signed into law by Obama in October 2010, the Reducing Over-Classification Act directs the Department of Homeland Security and the intelligence community to standardize classification and declassification procedures and improve information haring across the government. The National Declassification Center was also created in order to speed and coordinate the release of government information that no longer needs to be kept from public view. Although steps to disclosure government information to the public have been taken, secrecy opponents believe that President Obama needs to do more.

The Failure of Software Copyright Law Essay -- Technology Computers Pa

The Failure of Software Copyright Law A Definition With the Copyright Act of 1980, the following was added to the existing copyright laws: A "computer program" is a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result.1 A "program" or "software" instructs the "hardware," the computer, in its task of adding, storing, exchanging data, etc.2 At the base level, a program is simply a mathematical algorithm, a stream of on/off states, which the hardware uses. Copyright and patent law has generally excluded mathematical algorithms from legal protection due to the social benefits of their widespread dissemination.3 Software, however, is primarily protected by copyright law under the premise that an author is entitled to the financial incentive. The debate is this: "Is there a way to protect innovators without strangling further innovation?"4 The Harms of Protection Early makers of computers handed out free accompanying software particular to their machines.5 Their thought was that this would encourage the purchase of their hardware. Soon, however, software producers began to copyright their products and the result was that each computer-maker had incompatible software.6 A company with sufficient lead-time ... ... 58 West's 3d, 10.4. 59 West's Feb. '90, 308. 60 ibid., 422. 61 Menell, 1084. 62 Menell, 1088. 63 Menell, 1087. 64 Menell, 1082. 65 Menell, 1088. 66 Weigner, 137. 67 Menell, 1078. 68 Barinaga, Marcia, "Computer microcode instructions judged within copyright," Nature 16 February 1989: 591. 69 Business Week, 122. 70 Menell, 1060. 71 Hammonds, 86.

Marketing Strategy Vitasoy Soybean Drink Essay

Background Soybean milk was first introduced in Hong Kong by Dr. K.S. Lo under the brand name â€Å"Vitasoy† in 1940, with an intention to provide consumers with an affordable nutritious and high-protein soymilk drink. Since then, Vitasoy became a well-known household name and is now the flagship product of Vitasoy International Holdings Limited (VIHL), contributing 48% of the company total revenue by categories in fiscal year 2013/2014. With the priority to promote quality of life through a wide range of great-tasting and nutritional products, the company expanded beyond the soy beverage with a wide variety of food & beverages, under the derivative brand name â€Å"Vita†. Vitasoy Soybean Milk (Regular) – Marketing Mix Product Vitasoy soybean milk is the preferred brand among local consumers, but it is fast losing its attractiveness. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated and health conscious where many are switching out to â€Å"Fresh/ Organic† soymilk which are fiercely competed by many rivals. The launched of Low Sugar variant may have helped to slow down its eroding share, but the product has passed the maturity stage. Instead of rationalizing the existing product line (multiple pack formats, photo below), the company continue to stretch the product line with different pack formats (of recent, the PET packaging). This initiative may potentially lead to cannibalization and causing diseconomies of scales in production. Price Targeting the masses with price positioned below most of the â€Å"organic† and â€Å"non-organic† soymilk products across most channels. With exception to chain convenient stores, its pricing is much higher than most of the â€Å"organic† soymilk products. This conflicting price positioning in chain convenient stores may lead to consumers switching out to â€Å"organic† soymilk, which is cheaper, fresher & healthier. As observed (photo below) in 7-Eleven, pack of Vitasoy soybean milk 250ml cost HK$6.90 while pack of Pak Fook 236ml â€Å"fresh organic† cost HK$5.80, both at non-promotion price. Promotion Actively engage in promoting its product through several advertising platforms (eg. TV commercial, social media, magazine/ newspapers, billboards & event sponsorships) and conducted many consumer communication campaigns. Noteworthy is their in-store execution particularly in chain supermarket which dominates majority of the shelf-space with prominent product displays and conducted tactical bundle sales regularly. The recent campaign â€Å"Anytime, Anywhere† is seen as a desperate attempt to disassociate itself as â€Å"breakfast-only† beverage. The campaign was supported with the launch of PET packaging which is a better proposition for an â€Å"all-occasion† beverage. But again, pricing may not be appealing to the target consumers particularly in chain convenient stores which is much costly comparing to other channels. Place The product is widely available through their extensive geographical coverage built over the years, reaching out to over 10,000 customers (eg. chain supermarkets & convenience stores, restaurants, bakeries, offices and independent grocery stores) serviced by 300 sales force and 100 delivery trucks. Also leveraging on the company subsidiary – Vitaland, specializing in operation and management of school tuck shops and canteen business, has made the product more accessible particularly among younger consumers. These are the key factors that have helped to strengthen the company leadership in Hong Kong. Recommendation In view of the competitive environment and evaluation of the product marketing mix, the recommended growth strategies would be Marketing Penetration & Product Development. Both strategies are least risky and are capable to generate further business growth for Vitasoy in this mature market (Hong Kong) Market Penetration Vitasoy soybean milk needs to drive off competition and sustain their share in the non-organic soymilk segment via enlarge distribution reach, conduct tactical/ aggressive sales promotions (eg. Discount or bundle sales) and  increase share of shelf-space. They need to reinforce barriers to entry in their key strategic channels (ie. chain supermarkets and chain convenient stores), as those are the key market entry channels and key breeding ground for competition. It is also crucial to rationalize their existing product line (multiple pack formats) to achieve economies of scale or prevent production complexity but most critically is to avoid cannibalization. In addition, to ensure the success of the product in PET packaging, it has to be nurtured with more effective marketing efforts with a pricing strategy that will appeal to the masses, specifically in chain convenient stores due to its geographical spread and 24/7. Product Development Vitasoy soybean milk has passed its maturity stage, as consumers continue to be inclined towards beverages with higher nutritional benefits (eg. Organic, high calcium, low sugar & low fat). Nonetheless, the company must continue to protect its leadership in this category as it contributes 48% of the company total revenue. This can be done by leveraging on its reputation as â€Å"Soy Expert† and making the competition irrelevant. The company must aggressively take the lead in developing new innovative product with clear product differential verses its rivals, through product line extension of their strategic growth brands (ie. Calci-Plus & Sansui). The new product line has to be innovative nutritious product with relevance to the health trends, this will eventually help to enhance consumer loyalty, gain more shares and potentially attract more switch-in from non-users. References 1) Soyinfo center, website www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/ks_lo_and_vitasoy.php 2) Vitasoy International Holdings, website www.vitasoy.com , www.vitasoy.com/pdf/pressRelease/EN 3) Vitaland Services Limited, website www.vitaland.com.hk 4) Facebook – VitaVitasoy 5) Blog – childhoodsnacks.blogspot.hk 6) EuroMonitor International, website www.euromonitor.com/soft-drinks-in-hong-kong-china/report 7) Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim & Renee Mauborgne, 2006 Harvard Business School Publishing Corp

Settling the Issue on Christ’s Presence in the Sacrament of the Eucharist

Questioning the Presence of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist Jesus Christ shared the Last Supper with his disciples on the night before He was crucified. It was during this event that He introduced the sacrament of His blood and body. He instituted the sacrament to bring about the suffering on the cross through the generations and to let the church take over his Spouse attribute to his resurrection and death. As goes the Gospel of Matthew: â€Å"While they were eating, Jesus took bread, said the blessing, broke it, and giving it to his disciples said, Take and eat; this is my body. Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink from it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which will be shed on behalf of many for the forgiveness of sins† (Matthew 26:26-28; Mark 14:22-24, Luke 22:17-20, 1 Corinthians 11:23-25) (Fay 8). Coming from Jesus Christ the Catholic Church says that as the Eucharist is celebrated, the body and blood of Jesus will be symbolize with the bread and wine through the power of the Holy Spirit. The priest serves as the instrument in this celebration. Through out the Eucharist, a priest utters the words Jesus said during His Last Supper and it says: â€Å"I am the living bread that came down from heaven; whoever eats this bread will live forever; and the bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world†¦ For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink† (John 6:51-55) (Fay 8). Jesus Christ is present including all his divinity, soul, blood and body represented by the wine and bread during the Eucharist. Jesus Christ has truly been resurrected after dying for the sins of humanity. When church members talk about the real presence of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist, they talk about the other types of his presence like the wine and bread. His body and blood are the most important symbols of his presence during the sacrament of the Eucharist (Fay 8). Body: Bringing Back the Meaning of the Eucharist The first question then is how the bread and wine represent Jesus Christ’s presence. A lot of people may question how this happens. The truth of the matter is the church will never be able to fully explain the mystery behind the rising of the Christ during the sacrament of the Eucharist. Until now, it still remains to be an inexhaustible puzzle that overwhelms the Catholic Church. It must be remembered that the Creator taking place at the identity of God can do so many things that the imagination of humans cannot even reach or comprehend. God made the world for Him to be able to share His life to those who are not God (Fay 7). He created the world for the human beings. This act alone is a manifestation of His plan of salvation. It can be clearly seen that with this kind of plan, the kind of wisdom used was that kind that does not reach any human beings understanding. It is beyond the comprehension of the human mind. Despite all that, God did not leave His people in ignorance. Whatever His plans are He always shared it with his people. He revealed His majestic plans to the humanity by giving us the ability to understand the gift of faith. He also provided us with the grace of the Holy Spirit. With this, we are now able to understand God’s actions and God’s plans, all of which any human being would never understand in his whole lifetime. Because of the grace of the Holy Spirit and the gift of faith humans can now understand God’s mystery (Fay 9). Today, the bishops of the Catholic Church serve as Jesus Christ’s apostles. The bishops provide the people with knowledge about Jesus Christ and God. In short, they function as the teachers of the church. Bishops have a better understanding of God’s mystery than any other human being on earth. Bishops comprehend the mystery better than anyone who has a better job, higher salary, higher intelligence quotient and even those who have higher understanding of the different languages in the world. It is only the bishop who can reveal to the people whatever God has revealed. A bishop also encourages all church goers to make understanding of the mystery of God deeper than it already is. He also promotes a better understanding of the gift of the sacrament of the Eucharist (Fay 13). The question then is how else is the presence of God exists in the sacrament of the Eucharist. Not all people understand the mystery of God and especially not everyone is even willing to understand to begin with. The first question would be why, of all symbols, did it have to be food and drink that represent Jesus in the sacrament of the Eucharist? The bread, for example, is not just a representation of the food Jesus and the disciples ate during the Last Supper. The food serves as spiritual nourishment simply because of the love of Jesus for humanity. It has been said earlier that God has plan for our salvation and with this plan, He is asking us to participate in the life of the Trinity. Because of the food shared during the sacrament of the Eucharist, the people are brought back to the sacrament of Baptism. The sharing of the bread means the sharing of life which starts with a person’s baptism. During the baptism, a human being is joined to Jesus Christ, which, of course, is possible only with the power of the Holy Spirit. Here is where the communion of the Father, of the Son and of the Holy Spirit come in (Pannenberg 293). Because of Baptism, the humans become the adopted sons and daughters of God. This is strengthened through the sacrament of Confirmation. It is increased and nourished through the participation of the human being in the sacrament of the Eucharist. As a person drinks the blood of Christ and eats the Body, Jesus remains in the lives and spirits of the people who took him. This way, the humans are united to Christ and of course to His divinity. Humans are known as with corrupt natures. They are mortal. But because of the sacrament of the Eucharist, the humans are joined to Christ and both share the same source of life (Pannenberg 293). According to John 6:57, â€Å"Just as the living Father sent me and I have life because of the Father, so also the one who feeds on me will have life because of me. † As we are united to Jesus Christ and with the help of the Holy Spirit in us, a relationship is been among the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit and the humans. This relationship is strengthened through Baptism and is deepened with the sacrament of Confirmation. Because of these sacraments, humans are able to share their life with the Holy Trinity. Through the Eucharist, humans give thanks and praise to the glory of God (Pannenberg 293). Another issue that needs to be addressed is that people are not aware of what the Eucharist is all about. Not all people know that aside from being just a meal, the Eucharist is also a sacred form of sacrifice. The truth is, our sins are the kind of sins that make it impossible for us to share God’s life. Despite all of it, God has shown His love for us by sending His son Jesus Christ to earth to die for our sins. Jesus Christ died and was resurrected from the dead. Because He is an almighty one, He was able to conquer these events and was even able to unite humans to God (Johnson and Penner 305). What the church does now is to gather everyone and commemorate what Jesus Christ has done for us. The Eucharist serves as an instrument to unite everyone in oreder for them to receive the benefits of God (Johnson and Penner 305). According to the book of Hebrews, Jesus Christ, was a priest spent his life creating intercessions for humans before God. Because of this, he is nowhere near the high priests who offered sacrifices in the temples of Jerusalem (Johnson and Penner 305). The powers of high priests are surpassed by Jesus Christ’s actions because the sacrifice he offered is perfect. The sacrifice he offered was himself (Johnson and Penner 305). In the Eucharist, the eternal sacrifices of Jesus Christ are always represented but the people are not just there for speculation. The church goers are not just spectators. They are different levels of activeness in the Eucharistic sacrifice among the worshipping community and the priest (Johnson and Penner 305). Before the priest stands before the worshipping community, he first has to be ordained. After ordination, he then represents Christ as the head of the Catholic Church. Everyone in the Catholic Church is baptized as a member of the Body of Christ. The Eucharist as a sacrament serves as a sacrifice of the church (Johnson and Penner 307). In the Eucharist, whatever sacrifice Jesus Christ has given is also the sacrifice that the members of His body offer. The sacrifice unites everyone. This sacrifice, during the sacrament of Eucharist, becomes sacramentally present. This way, the humans sacrifice themselves to God (Johnson and Penner 307). Then again, after this, people still question the existence of bread and wine in the Holy Eucharist. Another question people ask is why, after considering bread and wine as Christ’s body and blood, still taste like bread and wine? People are expecting the bread and win during the sacrament of the Eucharist to taste like body and blood of Christ and not just another bread and wine (Johnson and Penner 308). While celebrating the Eucharist, Jesus Christ’s presence comes in the form of bread and wine. The bread and wine are simply both appropriate for the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. Looking back at the traditional language of theology, especially in the consecration act, the bread’s and wine’s substance is transformed by the Holy Spirit into Jesus’ Christ’s body and blood (Johnson and Penner 308). What changes then, is not the physical appearance and the physical taste of the bread and wine, but the â€Å"substance† and the â€Å"meaning† of each instrument. It is then natural that the physical attributes of the bread and wine remain the same (Johnson and Penner 309). Here is where the question of faith comes in. St. Thomas Aquinas coined the terms â€Å"substance† and â€Å"accidents† to study faith. He used the terms to address what appears to be wine and bread (â€Å"accidents,† being the physical attribute of a matter) appears to be Jesus Christ’s blood and body (now being at its â€Å"substance† state, which represents the deepest possible reality) (Johnson and Penner 313). There is indeed a change at the substance level, the bread being Christ’s body, and Christ’s blood coming from wine. Without this transubstantiation, no one would be able to even talk about and think of the presence of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist (Johnson and Penner 313). The mystery of faith is indeed something that humans consider too great for their comprehension, which is why studies and researches are here to better equip the people with enough understanding of this concept (Johnson and Penner 313). The mystery of this faith can only be acquired by reading it from the Bible and the Catholic Church because these medium is where God comes for us to remember. Changes come every now and then, and sometimes, the characteristics of these â€Å"accidents† change. In some occasions, even when the substance is already different, the accident still looks exactly the same (Johnson and Penner 315). A good example would be having a child reach the stage of adulthood. When he reaches this stage, it is natural that his characteristics change. He grows taller, he develops an adam’s apple, he grows muscles and his voice becomes deeper and bigger. Then again, the fact remains that he is still the same old baby who his mother once delivered (Johnson and Penner 315). Another example would be a grape fruit which a person eats. When he eats the grape fruit, the fruit soon becomes digested and becomes part of the person’s body in form of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. The person who ate the grape fruit remains as the same person who ate the fruit even before the act. The fruit, on the other hand, has characteristics that are no longer the same. The grape fruit is no longer a grape fruit, but a part of the person’s body (Johnson and Penner 315). The same is true with the presence of Christ in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. Even if the wine and the bread in the Holy Eucharist are in the blood and body of Christ’s substances, these no longer have the characteristics of a person, but only the wine and the bread (Johnson and Penner 315). This is where the question about the limitation of bread and wine comes in. People ask if the bread used during the Holy Eucharist stops being a bread, and if the wine does not remain to be wine for how long. Yes, the bread does not stay as bread forever, and the wine does the same. Jesus Christ can be present, all of His divinity, soul, blood and body, although the wine and the bread can no longer stay. The wine and the bread has to be given away because if not, there would be no transformation between the bread and the body, or the wine and the blood. The wine and the bread have to be given away in order for them to become Body and Blood (Johnson and Penner 315). Not all people still believe everything they hear and say about the Eucharist. They still question the use of bread and wine. It is really appropriate? Why, of all foods and drinks, does it have to be a bread and a wine? The presence of Jesus Christ and Lord God Almighty are indeed appropriate for being represented by bread and wine since Jesus Christ gave himself to humanity and to the world as a whole in a manner that engages the symbolism existing in drinking wine and eating bread (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 66). Aside from that, Jesus Christ offered himself to us in such a way that humans are kept alive, because humans sustain their means survival through drinking and eating, or through wine and bread. The use of wine and bread also tests the faith of a person because the presence of Jesus Christ’s body and blood can never be discerned whichever way a human tries except for having faith (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 66). St. Bonaventure once said that it is no difficult at all to say that Christ exists in the Holy Eucharist in manner of symbols, breads and wines. The more difficult concept to understand is the whether or not Christ actually exists in the sacrament as He exists up in the heavens (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 67). With faith, humans believe that yes, Christ in indeed present in the sacrament as well as in heaven. However, given that the use of bread and wine is appropriate, it still is not clear for many because not all people who consume the bread and the wine actually believe in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. They may attend the Sunday mass on a regular basis, but it does not necessarily mean that they actually worship the Lord, or even understand the ceremony to begin with (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 67). If â€Å"receiving† is defined as â€Å"consuming,† then naturally, anyone who receives eats the bread and drinks the wine, eats and drinks the body and blood of Jesus Christ. If, on the other hand, receiving is defined as accepting willingly of the body and blood of Jesus, then, someone without faith does not â€Å"receive† the body and blood of Jesus. A person â€Å"receives† the body and blood of Jesus if he is willing to accept the spiritual benefits of the act (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68). He should also be aware of why he is eating the bread and drinking the wine. He should not be someone who went to the Church just to attend some mass. He should be there to worship the Lord, respect the rituals, listen to the Word of God and then receive Him through Jesus Christ’s blood and body (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68). If a person consumes the wine and bread without faith, he cannot change the fact that he is consuming the blood and body of Jesus Christ. However, the different between having faith and having none is receiving the spiritual benefit that goes together with having faith. The spiritual benefit obtained from receiving Christ’s body and blood with faith is the communion with Christ. Faith can be practiced by simply following the grace of God. The human’s love for God must be increased (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Catholic Church USCCB Publishing, USCCB Publishing and Catholic Church 68). People question the symbolism of wine and bread. Are these foods just symbols that represent the body and blood of Jesus Christ? Symbol is used casually as something that represents another thing. The bread and wine used in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist are not merely symbols, because they do not represent the body and blood of Jesus Christ. They are the body and blood of Jesus Christ. According to St. John Damascene, having the bread and the wine foreshadow Jesus Christ is not underestimation. â€Å"The bread and the wine are actually Jesus Christ, because according to the Orthodox Faith, Jesus said, ‘This is my body'. He did not say, This bread is my body. Therefore, the bread and wine during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist are not symbols, but the real, actual self of the Lord† (O’Gorman, O’Gorman and Faulkner 136). It has to be understood that the body and blood of Jesus Christ arrived on Earth no longer as the Lord’s muscles and life, but as a sacramental form. Jesus Christ is not symbolized by the bread and the wine because he is under these things. His presence exists. There are countless ways on how the symbolism of wine and bread, or of drinking and eating, reveals the meaning of the Holy Eucharist. An example would be with the way food provides and energy to the human body. If the food makes the body more nutritious, then it also follows that the Eucharistc food also nourishes the spiritual being of a person. Aside from that, it is already a fact that the sharing of food inside the Church is always communal, in which all members of the Catholic Church eat from the same plate of Jesus’ Christ’s body. This way, communion is established, and this communion exists not only between the Church members but also among the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit (O’Gorman, O’Gorman and Faulkner 136). St. Paul says that a single bread, once shared by the whole community on a Eucharistic gathering, is a manifestation that the believers of the Holy Spirit are gathered to worship one Lord (O’Gorman, O’Gorman and Faulkner 136). The bread and the wine then become an instrument of union among the people of God. Conclusion Jesus Christ has long promised his people that He will always be with His people. In Matthew 28:20, he said that he will not leave us as he uttered the words â€Å"Always, until the end of the age† (Price and Weil 136). With that, it is then confirmed that Jesus Christ has a â€Å"real presence† during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, â€Å"the relationship between Jesus Christ and the people is just like the relationship of friends who live together, in that there is an unwritten law that friends should never leave each other’s sides† (Price and Weil 136). Jesus Christ has fulfilled His promise by having with us His blood and body which people receive during the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist.

Free Essays on Telemarketing

Telecommuting Introduction Telecommuting is a wireless technology which enables the businesses to work without employees coming to the office and they can stay wherever they want and finish their work. Telecommuting is the fastest growing field of business in recent years, mainly the cellular and personal communications industry. The explosion of telecommuting industry had spread very rapidly connecting the both of the highly industrial areas as well as the third world countries. Telecommuting made the life much more easier because its ability of doing the work outside of office which was done traditionally in the office. Telecommuting rapidly changed our way of work because people who traveled to the office every day and spend eight hours behind a desk are being changed into more technologically flexible workers who are no longer in the boundaries of office walls. Current Status Advancement in telecommuting is remarkable because it saves time and increases the productivity. Many companies are adopting this technology because with telecommuting no body needs to be always preparing for the commute and worry about being late. One can go to work simply by tossing on a robe and slippers or holding a cup of coffee and sitting down on his terminal. Telecommuting proved to be a very profitable for few corporations. All they need was the certain amount of investment. But only few companies had made this kind of transformation. Most of companies are afraid to make this transformation because of their budget or don’t like to mess with new technology and some like the traditional way of work better than the telecommuting. Telecommuting was put into work by the creation of the DSL service which made data to transfer at a higher level. Telecommuting with DSL is nearly 20 times faster than an analog modem. The wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion this year and approximately 300 milli... Free Essays on Telemarketing Free Essays on Telemarketing Telecommuting Introduction Telecommuting is a wireless technology which enables the businesses to work without employees coming to the office and they can stay wherever they want and finish their work. Telecommuting is the fastest growing field of business in recent years, mainly the cellular and personal communications industry. The explosion of telecommuting industry had spread very rapidly connecting the both of the highly industrial areas as well as the third world countries. Telecommuting made the life much more easier because its ability of doing the work outside of office which was done traditionally in the office. Telecommuting rapidly changed our way of work because people who traveled to the office every day and spend eight hours behind a desk are being changed into more technologically flexible workers who are no longer in the boundaries of office walls. Current Status Advancement in telecommuting is remarkable because it saves time and increases the productivity. Many companies are adopting this technology because with telecommuting no body needs to be always preparing for the commute and worry about being late. One can go to work simply by tossing on a robe and slippers or holding a cup of coffee and sitting down on his terminal. Telecommuting proved to be a very profitable for few corporations. All they need was the certain amount of investment. But only few companies had made this kind of transformation. Most of companies are afraid to make this transformation because of their budget or don’t like to mess with new technology and some like the traditional way of work better than the telecommuting. Telecommuting was put into work by the creation of the DSL service which made data to transfer at a higher level. Telecommuting with DSL is nearly 20 times faster than an analog modem. The wireless subscriber base worldwide is expected to reach 1.4 billion this year and approximately 300 milli...